A German military officer and staff officer whose final rank was Major General in the Army. During World War II, he led the central department of the military intelligence agency Abwehr and, alongside Wilhelm Canaris and others, was one of the central figures who organized and supported the internal military resistance movement against the Nazi regime. In 1938, he was involved in plans to overthrow the regime, including the assassination of Hitler, and during World War II, he alerted the Dutch side to Germany's planned invasion of the Netherlands. He also collaborated with Hans von Dohnanyi and others to assist Jews in escaping abroad. Leaving the Abwehr in 1943, he was placed under Gestapo surveillance. Following the failure of the July 20, 1944 assassination and coup attempt against Hitler, he was arrested and executed at Flossenbürg concentration camp on April 9, 1945. He is an important figure as an organizer and coordinator in the German military resistance during the World War II era.

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