A French surgeon, biologist, and physiologist. He significantly advanced vascular suture techniques and gained world renown for his work in experimental surgery, including organ and vascular transplantation as well as tissue culture. He conducted research at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research starting in 1906 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for his work on vascular sutures and organ and vessel transplantation. During World War I, he served as a major in the French Army Medical Corps and developed the Carrel-Dakin method for treating infected battlefield wounds alongside chemist Henry Drysdale Dakin. In his later years, he wrote about religious thought and eugenics and headed the French Foundation for the Study of Human Problems under the Vichy regime, which led to post-war criticism for his involvement in collaboration.

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