French Army officer and General. During World War I, he served as Chief of Staff to Joseph Joffre, participating in operational planning for the Battle of the Marne, and commanded a division in 1918 to halt the German Spring Offensive. During the interwar period, he served as head of the French military mission to Brazil and commander of French forces in Syria and Lebanon, becoming Chief of Staff of the Army in 1931 and Vice President of the Supreme War Council in 1935. At the outbreak of World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in France, but was dismissed following his failure to adapt strategically to the German offensive in May 1940. Detained by the Vichy regime, he was made a defendant in the Riom Trial, transferred to Germany in 1943, and imprisoned at Itter Castle in Austria. After his liberation in 1945, he wrote his memoirs and passed away in Paris in 1958.

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