Edith Stein

A German-born Jewish philosopher, educator, and Catholic nun. As a student and assistant to the phenomenologist Edmund Husserl, she researched topics such as empathy, and later developed a philosophical and religious thought connecting Thomism with phenomenology. In 1915, she served as a Red Cross nurse during World War I. She converted to Catholicism in 1922 and joined the Discalced Carmelites in 1933, taking the religious name "Teresia Benedicta a Cruce" (Teresa Benedicta of the Cross). As Nazi persecution of Jews intensified, she moved to the Netherlands in 1938, but in August 1942, she and her sister Rosa were arrested by the Gestapo and deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. She was killed in a gas chamber on August 9 of the same year. She was beatified in 1987, canonized as a saint by Pope John Paul II in 1998, and named one of the patron saints of Europe in 1999.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Edith Stein
1891	Birth of Edith Stein (Period: October 12, 1891, Location: Wrocław (Poland; then Breslau, German Empire)) Birth in Breslau (Period: October 12, 1891, Location: Breslau (present-day Wrocław, Poland))
1910	Activities for Women's Rights and Education (Age: 18 years old, Period: 1910s–1930s, Location: Various Locations across Germany)
1911	Studies at the University of Breslau (Age: 19 years old, Period: 1911–1913, Location: Breslau, German Empire)
1913	Research under Edmund Husserl (Age: 21 years old, Period: 1913–1916, Location: Göttingen, German Empire)
1914	World War I (Age: 22 years old, Period: 1914–1918, Location: Western Front, Belgium and France)
1915	Red Cross Nursing Service during World War I (Age: 23 years old, Period: April 7 – September 1, 1915, Location: Mährisch-Weißkirchen (present-day Hranice na Moravě, Czech Republic))
1916	Appointment as Husserl's Assistant (Edith Stein, Age: 24 years old, Period: 1916–1918, Location: Freiburg, German Empire) Earning Doctorate with On the Problem of Empathy (Edith Stein, Age: 24 years old, Period: August 1916 – 1917, Location: Freiburg, Germany)
1922	Conversion to Catholicism (Age: 30 years old, Period: January 1, 1922, Location: Bad Bergzabern, Germany) Conversion to Catholicism and Teaching Career (Age: 30 years old, Period: 1922–1933, Location: Speyer, Münster, and Other Locations across Germany)
1933	Monastic Life with the Discalced Carmelites (Age: 41 years old, Period: 1933–1942, Location: Cologne, Germany and Echt, Netherlands) Professional Exclusion by the Nazi Regime (Age: 41 years old, Period: April 1933 – 1933, Location: Münster and Other Locations, Germany) Entry into the Discalced Carmelites (Age: 42 years old, Period: November 14, 1933 – April 1934, Location: Cologne, Germany)
1938	Relocation to Echt Abbey (Age: 47 years old, Period: December 1938 – 1942, Location: Echt, Netherlands) Relocation to the Netherlands (Age: 47 years old, Period: Around December 31, 1938, Location: Echt, Netherlands)
1939	World War II (Age: 47 years old, Period: 1939–1945, Location: UK, France, North Africa, Mediterranean, Atlantic, etc.)
1942	Anti-Nazi Statement by the Dutch Bishops (Age: 50 years old, Period: July 26, 1942, Location: Netherlands) Arrest by the Gestapo (Age: 50 years old, Period: August 2, 1942, Location: Echt, Netherlands) Death of Edith Stein (Age: 50 years old, Period: August 9, 1942) Murder of Edith Stein (Age: 50 years old, Period: August 9, 1942, Location: Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, Occupied Poland) Death at Auschwitz (Age: 50 years old, Period: August 9, 1942, Location: Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp, Occupied Poland)
1987	Beatification (Age: 44 years after death, Period: May 1, 1987, Location: Cologne, Germany)
1998	Canonization (Age: 56 years after death, Period: October 11, 1998, Location: Vatican City)
1999	Designation as a Patron Saint of Europe (Age: 57 years after death, Period: October 1, 1999, Location: Rome, Italy)
Unknown	Marriage (Edith Stein, None, Period: Not Married, Location: Not Applicable)

Map

Category
Element

Europe World

Group	List
British Politics	David Lloyd George Winston Churchill Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Clement Attlee Anthony Eden Edward Wood Ernest Bevin
French Politics	Georges Clemenceau Charles de Gaulle Paul Reynaud Édouard Daladier Léon Blum Philippe Pétain Maxime Weygand Maurice Gamelin
Jewish relief	Anne Frank Etty Hillesum Edith Stein Raoul Wallenberg Aristides de Sousa Mendes Varian Fry Nicholas Winton Chiune Sugihara
Nuclear Science	Lise Meitner James Chadwick John Cockcroft Ernest Walton Patrick Blackett Mark Oliphant Otto Hahn Otto Robert Frisch

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Edith Stein

Edith Stein

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