A politician and jurist who served as the 27th President of the United States and later as the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. Succeeding Theodore Roosevelt, he took office as president in 1909 and promoted foreign policies known as "Dollar Diplomacy." While he emphasized expanding American influence through governance of the Philippines and international investment, he faced intensifying conflicts between progressive and conservative factions within the Republican Party. After leaving the presidency, he became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, making him known as the only person in U.S. history to serve as both president and Chief Justice.

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