An American politician, administrator, and social welfare worker. Known as a closest confidant of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, he directed New Deal policies and wartime diplomacy and support policies during World War II. He directed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA), driving unemployment countermeasures under the Great Depression. During World War II, he was also deeply involved in diplomatic negotiations with Britain and the Soviet Union, serving as an essential policy coordinator for the Roosevelt administration.

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